Characteristics and geographical distribution of marble mineral resources in the world
1、 Marble mineral resources
The marble mineral resources in the world are very rich, and only some regions or varieties have insufficient resources. The world's major marble producers are Italy, China, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Türkiye, the Philippines, France, Brazil, the United States, India, Austria, Russia and Japan. Italy is rich in marble resources, fine in texture, widely distributed, with a long mining history and advanced mining and processing technology. It is the most powerful marble resource and producer in the world. Its export volume accounts for about half of the total trade volume in the international market. Its "cara white" marble is a world-famous fine marble variety.
China is rich in marble resources and has a wide variety of designs and colors. By the end of 1996, there were 165 marble producing areas with a reserve of 1.084 billion m3, including 422 million m3 of A+B+C reserves.
In the past, China has not paid attention to marble resources as an independent mineral for a long time, and the foundation of geological exploration work is weak. In recent 10 years, with the growth of market demand and the expansion of geological exploration work, the reserves have increased rapidly, but there are still a large number of resources without geological exploration work and no proved reserves; And some unexplored mining areas have been developed in large quantities. According to the 96 China Mineral Resources Report, the total amount of marble resources in the country can reach 20 billion m3, and currently the proved reserves only account for 5% of the total resources.
China's marble minerals have only invested a lot of geological exploration work in the economically developed eastern and coastal areas. Due to the overall good metallogenic conditions, the previous exploration level is low, so in the future, according to market demand, as long as appropriate investment, the reserve growth potential is great.
2、 Geographic distribution
China's marble ore production areas are distributed in 26 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and are relatively balanced. Only the proved reserves in Northeast China are relatively poor, accounting for 2.1% of the country's total reserves; The central and southern regions have the largest proved reserves, accounting for 33.2% of the total reserves in the country. The provinces with the richest reserves are Guangdong Province, Hebei Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with reserves of more than 100 million m3 each; Shaanxi's reserves exceed 90 million m3; Sichuan, Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Anhui and Guizhou have reserves of more than 30 million m3 each.
According to the criteria of the National Mineral Reserves Commission on the classification of deposit size, marble deposits with a volume of more than 10 million m3 are large, 2~10 million m3 are medium, and less than 2 million m3 are small. China's existing large and medium-sized marble mines are mainly distributed in Beijing, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and other places.
3、 Resource characteristics
（1） There are a variety of designs and colors, and a series has been formed
At present, China has found more than 400 major varieties of marble, which cannot be compared with Italy and other countries with developed marble industry. According to the foreign trade number, more than 100 kinds of marble can be exported in batches.
Marbles of various colors and patterns have formed a series, including white, black, red, gray, green, yellow and flesh colors. The patterns include cloud and mist, landscape, thread, willow leaves, star spots and rare fossil patterns of ancient organisms.
（2） The majority of Chinese marble varieties are of good quality and sell well in the market. They are fine in texture, elegant in tone, beautiful in pattern, and their glossiness, decoration performance and use performance can meet the requirements of relevant standards. Many varieties are welcomed by users at home and abroad and have certain popularity. For example, the white series includes the "White Marble" in Fangshan, Beijing, Quyang, Hebei, the "Shu white jade" in Baoxing, Sichuan, the "Cangshan white" in Dali, Yunnan, the "Yuanyang crystal white" in Yuanyang, Yunnan, and the "snow white" in Laizhou, Shandong; The black series include the "crystal black jade" of Bijie in Guizhou and the "double peak black" of Shuangfeng in Hunan; The red series includes "Red Wanluo" in Lingbi, Anhui, "Nanjiang Red" in Nanjiang, Sichuan, "Tieling Red" in Tieling, Liaoning, and "Laishui Red" in Laishui, Hebei; The grey series includes "Hangzhou grey" in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, "cloud grey" in Dali, Yunnan, and "strip grey" in Laizhou, Shandong; Green series include "Dandong Green" in Dandong, Liaoning Province, "Laiyang Green" in Laiyang, Shandong Province, and "Lushan Green" in Lushan, Henan Province; Yellow series include "rosin yellow", "beige yellow" in Xichuan, Henan, and "wood grain yellow" in Quanzhou, Guangxi, etc; The flesh color includes "red cream" and "white cream" from Yixing, Jiangsu Province, and "grain fat cream" from Guiyang, Guizhou Province. The varieties famous for their beautiful patterns include "Ningxiang", "Guibi" and "Jinhuang" in Huangshi, Hubei, "Aiyeqing" in Fangshan, Beijing, "Yunhua" in Dali, Yunnan, "Tenglong Jade" in Tongguan, Shaanxi, and "waves" and "autumn scenery" in Shanxi.
（3） Among the proven reserves, the stone materials are mainly of medium grade, and the high-grade ones, such as "White Marble", "Dandong green", "rosin yellow" and other famous products, are very popular with the merchants. However, due to the small reserves and long exploitation, it is difficult to exploit in large quantities. In particular, white, pure black and light marble resources, which are popular in the international market, are still insufficient in quantity and quality.
（4） Some high-quality marble deposits are located in remote mountainous areas. At present, there are many high-quality marble deposits in southwest China with great difficulties in development. However, due to the remote mountainous areas, high mountains and dangerous roads, poor mining conditions, especially high transportation costs, it is difficult to develop large-scale in the short term. For example, "Snow in Green" in Fugong, Yunnan, "Yuanyang Crystal White" in Yuanyang, "Yuanyang Ice Flower" in Yuanyang, and "Screen Edge White" in screen edge; Sichuan Shimian's "asbestos white", Xiaojin's "White Marble", etc
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